脊髓损伤通常会导致四肢瘫痪的患者限制其活动能力。轮椅对于患者来说可能是一个很好的主张，但大多数人可以手动操作，也可以借助操纵杆操作的电动机。但是，这需要使用手，使其不适合四肢瘫痪的患者。另一方面，即使受到脑损伤的人，控制眼动的运动也保留了。监视眼睛中的运动可能是为轮椅生成控制信号的有用工具。本文是通过试图控制模仿轮椅的机器人来转换从眼睛转换为有意义的信号的一种方法。总体系统具有成本效益，并使用简单的图像处理和模式识别来控制机器人。开发了一种Android应用，在实际情况下，患者的援助可以使用该应用程序，以更加完善轮椅。

Climate change has become one of the biggest challenges of our time. Social media platforms such as Twitter play an important role in raising public awareness and spreading knowledge about the dangers of the current climate crisis. With the increasing number of campaigns and communication about climate change through social media, the information could create more awareness and reach the general public and policy makers. However, these Twitter communications lead to polarization of beliefs, opinion-dominated ideologies, and often a split into two communities of climate change deniers and believers. In this paper, we propose a framework that helps identify denier statements on Twitter and thus classifies the stance of the tweet into one of the two attitudes towards climate change (denier/believer). The sentimental aspects of Twitter data on climate change are deeply rooted in general public attitudes toward climate change. Therefore, our work focuses on learning two closely related tasks: Stance Detection and Sentiment Analysis of climate change tweets. We propose a multi-task framework that performs stance detection (primary task) and sentiment analysis (auxiliary task) simultaneously. The proposed model incorporates the feature-specific and shared-specific attention frameworks to fuse multiple features and learn the generalized features for both tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed framework increases the performance of the primary task, i.e., stance detection by benefiting from the auxiliary task, i.e., sentiment analysis compared to its uni-modal and single-task variants.

自我监督学习（SSL）的承诺是利用大量未标记的数据来解决复杂的任务。尽管简单，图像级学习取得了出色的进步，但最新方法显示出包括图像结构知识的优势。但是，通过引入手工制作的图像分割来定义感兴趣的区域或专门的增强策略，这些方法牺牲了使SSL如此强大的简单性和通用性。取而代之的是，我们提出了一个自我监督的学习范式，该学习范式本身会发现这种图像结构。我们的方法，ODIN，夫妻对象发现和表示网络，以发现有意义的图像分割，而无需任何监督。由此产生的学习范式更简单，更易碎，更一般，并且取得了最先进的转移学习结果，以进行对象检测和实例对可可的细分，以及对Pascal和CityScapes的语义细分，同时超过监督的预先培训，用于戴维斯的视频细分。

Learning policies that effectively utilize language instructions in complex, multi-task environments is an important problem in sequential decision-making. While it is possible to condition on the entire language instruction directly, such an approach could suffer from generalization issues. In our work, we propose \emph{Learning Interpretable Skill Abstractions (LISA)}, a hierarchical imitation learning framework that can learn diverse, interpretable primitive behaviors or skills from language-conditioned demonstrations to better generalize to unseen instructions. LISA uses vector quantization to learn discrete skill codes that are highly correlated with language instructions and the behavior of the learned policy. In navigation and robotic manipulation environments, LISA outperforms a strong non-hierarchical Decision Transformer baseline in the low data regime and is able to compose learned skills to solve tasks containing unseen long-range instructions. Our method demonstrates a more natural way to condition on language in sequential decision-making problems and achieve interpretable and controllable behavior with the learned skills.

General perception systems such as Perceivers can process arbitrary modalities in any combination and are able to handle up to a few hundred thousand inputs. They achieve this generality by using exclusively global attention operations. This however hinders them from scaling up to the inputs sizes required to process raw high-resolution images or video. In this paper, we show that some degree of locality can be introduced back into these models, greatly improving their efficiency while preserving their generality. To scale them further, we introduce a self-supervised approach that enables learning dense low-dimensional positional embeddings for very large signals. We call the resulting model a Hierarchical Perceiver (HiP). In sum our contributions are: 1) scaling Perceiver-type models to raw high-resolution images and audio+video, 2) showing the feasibility of learning 1M+ positional embeddings from scratch using masked auto-encoding, 3) demonstrating competitive performance on raw data from ImageNet, AudioSet, PASCAL VOC, ModelNet40 and Kinetics datasets with the same exact, unchanged model and without specialized preprocessing or any tokenization.

为目标疾病开发新药物是一项耗时且昂贵的任务，药物重新利用已成为药物开发领域的流行话题。随着许多健康索赔数据可用，已经对数据进行了许多研究。现实世界的数据嘈杂，稀疏，并且具有许多混杂因素。此外，许多研究表明，药物的作用在人群中是异质的。近年来已经出现了许多有关估计异构治疗效果（HTE）（HTE）的高级机器学习模型，并已应用于计量经济学和机器学习社区。这些研究将医学和药物开发视为主要应用领域，但是从HTE方法论到药物开发的转化研究有限。我们旨在将HTE方法介绍到医疗保健领域，并在通过基准实验进行医疗保健行政索赔数据进行基准实验时提供可行性考虑。另外，我们希望使用基准实验来展示如何将模型应用于医疗保健研究时如何解释和评估模型。通过将最近的HTE技术引入生物医学信息学社区的广泛读者，我们希望通过机器学习促进广泛采用因果推断。我们还希望提供HTE具有个性化药物有效性的可行性。